Larger imageThe chimney on this building fell on the stair-way in the 1992 Big Bear earthquake, cutting off a means of escape for persons on the second floor.

Source: California Seismic Safety Commission

The Problems

Chimneys: Unreinforced brick and stone chimneys often collapse in earthquakes. These chimneys should be braced or replaced to prevent injury or property damage.

Signs, marquees, canopies: These items should be braced so they do not pose a hazard to passersby. Check periodically to make sure their connections are not rusting away.

Heavy roofs: Buildings with heavy roofs (clay, tile, and slate, for example) shake more in an earthquake than buildings with lighter roofs. Such roofing materials may even fall off, injuring people and damaging objects below.

Stairs, balconies, overhangs: If these features aren't properly braced or attached to the building, they can collapse or prevent occupants from leaving the building after an earthquake.

Dry rot, insect infestation, deterioration: Dry rot, termites, boring beetles, or lack of maintenance can weaken a building and make it more prone to earthquake damage.

Larger imageStairs to an apartment building collapsed during the 1994 Northridge earthquake.

Source: California Seismic Safety Commission

The Solutions

If your property has one or more of the features described above, get an architect or engineer who is experienced in earthquake strengthening of existing buildings to give you a quick, preliminary evaluation.

Use such an evaluation to help you decide what to do to make sure your building and its occupants can survive a damaging earthquake.

Keep features such as children's play areas, outdoor restaurants, and storage areas out of the striking range of falling masonry, roof tiles, parapets, and overhangs.

Replace infested or deteriorated building material before you strengthen.